Abstract

The present IOT system will be centred on the subject of agriculture's digitization. The rise of several new firms in the agtech sector that focus on innovative digital technologies in agriculture. The need for development employing emerging technologies in the agriculture area will arise due to the high demand for food, the scarcity of natural resources, and the unpredictability of agricultural production. As a result of the global technology revolution, small farmers are becoming familiar with the most recent developments in mobile networks through smartphones and other related technologies. All of these are contributing to the development of new digitally agriculture systems. We know agriculture is the crucial occupation for the rural people and about 70% of the Indian population depends upon agriculture sector for their livelihood. The major challenge faced due to urbanization in agriculture sector are rise in environmental pollution, climate change, degradation of soil and water quality. And these all factor will directly decrease the income from farming industry that will become the reason for mass migration of rural people to cities. The efficiency of the soil, the monitoring of temperature and humidity, the efficacy of fertiliser, the tracking of equipment, the remote monitoring of storehouses, and other aspects may all be observed with the use of IOT-based sensor technology. A lower cost of progress in agriculture will result from the integration of wireless sensor networks (WSN) and the internet of things (IOT). Smart agriculture tools used to find the result from the IOT-based sensors, which include tracking, humidity, moisture, and temperature sensors. 1. Introduction intelligence (AI), and other cutting-edge technologies to monitor, manage, and optimize agricultural activities. The objective is to address the growing global demand for food, cope with the challenges posed by climate change, and improve the efficiency of agricultural practices [1]. Since 60% to 70% of India's economy is based on agriculture, agriculture is important to the country's growth in terms of food production. Groundwater is gradually running out due to unplanned consumption. The Internet of Things (IOT) is another significant development in the history of technology. In the future, IOT will be able to feed billions of people on Earth through its significant contribution to agriculture [2]. There is no need to worry about scheduling irrigation according to crop or soil conditions because the entire system is micro control based and can be controlled from a distance via wireless transmission. The nation is made up of a sizable region of agricultural land. Consequently, what is required is a planned out distributed number of sensor nodes and scattered pumping units to use the water efficiently and pump the water to those specific locations covered by the sensor units [3]. This review provides an overview of Smart Agriculture in IoT, exploring its components, applications, sensors, and challenges.